Turner Falls, Oklahoma
- A rare waterfall that grows outward due to travertine deposition instead of eroding backward.
- Formed by spring-fed Honey Creek flowing through Ordovician limestone, creating massive travertine deposits.
- A rare waterfall that grows outward due to travertine deposition instead of eroding backward.
Pe'ePe'e Falls, Hawai'i (Big Island)
- ~80 ft falls in downtown Hilo, part of the Wailuku River flowing between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa.
- Carved into 10,000-year-old lava flows with subsequent flows creating the Boiling Pots — vertical and horizontal lava tubes.
- Extremely dangerous, especially after storms — known as the deadliest water in Hawai'i.
- ~80 ft falls in downtown Hilo, part of the Wailuku River flowing between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa.
Cataratas do Iguaçu, Brazil/Argentina
- Largest waterfall system in the world, spanning the Argentina-Brazil border.
- Name means "Big Water" in Guarani.
- Upstream from the Itaipu Dam, which generates most of Paraguay’s electricity.
- Itaipu — the 3rd largest hydroelectric plant globally and 2nd in power output.
- Largest waterfall system in the world, spanning the Argentina-Brazil border.
Bonus Waterfalls Mentioned:
- Cascata delle Marmore, Italy – Ancient Roman-engineered waterfall.
- Natural Falls - West Siloam Springs, OK
- Devil’s Kettle, Minnesota – Mysterious waterfall where water seems to disappear underground.
- Cascata delle Marmore, Italy – Ancient Roman-engineered waterfall.
Fun Paper Friday
- What can spacecraft learn from cats?
- Zhang, Li, et al. "Analysis of Cushioned Landing Strategies of Cats Based on Posture Estimation." Biomimetics 9.11 (2024): 691.
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John Leeman
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